Then Corfu, with the island complex of Paxos – Antipaxos passed into the influence of the Romans. In the centuries ahead, Paxos followed the fate of Corfu. Since the 13th century, Paxos has been in the hands of D’Anzou and since 1386 under  the Venetian rule. During the Venetian domination, which lasted until the end of the 18th century, Paxos and Antipaxos were often threatened by pirates, which in 1423 led Baroness Adam the Second of San Hippolytus to seek permission from Venice to build two castles, one in the Bay of Gaios, on the island of Agios Nikolaos and the other one in Lakka.

The Venetians were also those who intensified the cultivation of the olives. In the middle of the 15th century, Paxians fought against the Ottomans, who besieged the opposite mainland towns of Boutroto and Parga. In retaliation, the Ottomans pillaged the island without locating the inhabitants who had resorted to caves where they were rebuilt and from where they started guerrilla warfare, which eventually forced the Ottomans to withdraw from the island. In 1797 the French replaced the Venetians, who successively replaced the Russians and Ottomans until 1801 when the autonomous state of the seven United islands was founded, which was also the first form of pure Greek state since antiquity. Paxos together with the Antipaxss had an independent presence in the Commonwealth and their own emblem. In 1807 the State was abolished by Napoleon, but the French rule would not last long since in 1814 the British forces led by the Greek Major Theodoros Kolokotronis occupied the island by adding it to the United Kingdom. During the revolution, one of the rebellious heroes of the island was the burglar and fireman George Anemogiannis, who lost his life at the age of 23 in Nafpaktos. Finally, after the founding of the Greek state, the Paxians supported together with the other Ionian Islands the union which finally came to in 1864.